In addition, a horn type antenna was selected for radiating electromagnetic waves generated by the proposed radar system. The RFFE system of the proposed radar system was fabricated on a 1-mm-thick 2-layer FR-4 PCB. This study proposes a low-cost CW Doppler radar system for remote vital sign detection for indoor applications. In this work, all the components for the CW radar system are integrated in a single printed circuit board (PCB) for the better system integrity. Each functional module should be connected through surface mount adapter (SMA) connectors. A low-cost radio frequency front-end (RFFE) of the FMCW radar system was reported in, but the reported system took a modular approach for the design simplicity. However, the cost of high-performance radar systems is relatively higher compared with that of alternative indoor short-range remote sensing technologies. Although FMCW radar has the advantage of obtaining range information compared with that of CW Doppler radar, the system configuration is relatively complex and there is a loss in the Doppler resolution for range resolution. CW and FMCW radars are suitable for short-distance indoor applications. The different types of radar include continuous wave (CW) Doppler, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW), and pulse radars. Radar-based indoor short-range remote sensing technology is widely utilized in household and disaster-control applications because of those advantages. Additionally, critical vital signs such as breathing rate and heartbeat can be monitored remotely using the radar-based sensor platform. It can detect objects obscured by obstacles and has low privacy issues. The radar-based indoor short-range remote sensing system is the most extensively adopted technology for remote biomedical sensing owing to its versatility and high reliability. ![]() Several remote biomedical sensing technologies such as radar-, camera-, and sound-based sensors have been developed. Several studies have been conducted on indoor short-range remote sensing of human health conditions using advanced technology, ,, ,, ,. ![]() Although the requirement for monitoring vital signs in the contemporary lifestyle has increased, employing workforce or labor for healthcare is a challenging and expensive task. The increase in the life expectancy of people has led to significant research on the treatment and diagnosis of chronic diseases such as heart and lung diseases, cancer, stroke, and sleep disorders. The global average life expectancy has increased owing to the advancement of medical services and health care systems.
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